#Cancer #genomics is the study of the totality of #DNA sequence and #gene
expression differences between #tumour cells and normal host cells. It
aims to understand the #genetic basis of #tumour cell proliferation and
the evolution of the #cancer #genome under #mutation and selection by the
body environment, the immune system and therapeutic interventions.
All the #DNA contained in our #cells makes up our #genome. In most cells, the #genome is packaged into two sets of #chromosomes:
one set from our mother and one set from our father. These
#chromosomes are composed of six billion individual #DNA letters. In the alphabet of
our genes there are four letters: A, C, G and T. Genomics is the study of the sequence of these letters in our #DNA and
how each string of letters passes information to help each cell in our
body work properly.
In #cancer cells, small changes in the #genetic letters can change what
a #genomic word or sentence means. A changed letter can cause the cell
to make a #protein
that doesn’t allow the cell to work as it should. These #proteins can
make cells grow quickly and cause damage to neighboring cells. By
studying the #cancer #genome, scientists can discover what letter changes
are causing a cell to become a #cancer. The #genome of a #cancer cell can
also be used to tell one type of #cancer from another. In some cases,
studying the #genome in a #cancer can help identify a subtype of #cancer
within that type.
#Cancer #metabolomics involves chemical analysis by a range of analytical platforms through targeted/untargeted approaches.
#Metabolomics, one of the "omic" sciences in systems biology, is the
global assessment and validation of endogenous small-molecule
#biochemicals (metabolites) within a biologic system.
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